1、我要进行一次辩论赛，关于全球化与环境的，英语
The processes that we now think of as “globalization” were central
to the environmental cause well before the term “globalization”
came into its current usage. Global environmental concerns were
born out of the recognition that ecological processes do not always
respect national boundaries and that environmental problems often
have impacts beyond borders; sometimes globally. Connected to
this was the notion that the ability of humans to act and think at a
global scale also brings with it a new dimension of global responsibility—
not only to planetary resources but also to planetary fairness.
These ideas were central to the defining discourse of contemporary
environmentalism in the 1960s and 1970s1 and to the
concept of sustainable development that took root in the 1980s and
1990s.2
The current debate on globalization has become de-linked from its
environmental roots and contexts. These links between environment
and globalization need to be re-examined and recognized. To
ignore these links is to misunderstand the full extent and nature of
globalization and to miss out on critical opportunities to address
some of the most pressing environmental challenges faced by
humanity. The purpose of this paper is to explore these linkages in
the context of the current discourse.
For its February 2007 meetings, the Global Ministerial
Environment Forum (GMEF) of the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) has selected environment and globalization as
one of its areas of focus. This paper has been prepared as an independent
input to that process. The thrust of the paper, therefore, is
on policy-relevant debates and its principal audience is environmental
leaders assembling in Nairobi, Kenya, for the GMEF meetings.
However, the paper aspires also to be relevant to audiences and
debates beyond this meeting. We hope that the paper will inspire
discussions—even if they are critical of our analysis—on the nature
and importance of the links between environment and globalization.
It is hoped that the discussions that will begin in Nairobi willnot end there—that these conversations will not only be carried
back to national capitals, but will also be carried forward by leaders
of government, international organizations, civil society and business.
We hope that this paper will contribute to a more vigorous
conversation on environment and globalization at Nairobi, and
beyond.
This paper has been proced independently by the International
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) with financial support
from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of
Denmark. The process was led by David Runnalls (IISD’s President
and Chief Executive Officer) and Mark Halle (IISD’s Director of
Trade and Investment and European Representative). The principal
author is Prof. Adil Najam (IISD Associate and Associate Professor
at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University),
who was assisted in the research by Mihaela Papa and Lauren K.
Inouye.3
The paper has benefited tremendously from the insights and ideas
of an ad hoc advisory group that met twice in Geneva (October
2006 and January 2007). These meetings were attended by the
authors and researchers as well as by Hussein Abaza (Egypt), Tariq
Banuri (Pakistan), Susan Brown (Australia), Tom Burke (United
Kingdom), Kim Carstensen (Denmark), Marion Cheatle (United
Kingdom), Dharam Ghai (Kenya), Jean-Pierre Lehmann (France),
Kilaparti Ramakrishna (India/United States), Phillipe Roch
(Switzerland), Laurence Tubiana (France) and Dominic Waughray
(United Kingdom), all of whom inspired and shaped the ideas contained
here in countless ways. In addition, this paper has also benefited
from the advice and encouragement of Achim Steiner,
Executive Director of UNEP.We are also grateful to Aaron Cosbey
of IISD for providing very useful comments on the final draft.We
are especially grateful to Mihaela Papa and Lauren K. Inouye of the
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, for their
invaluable research assistance, and for their substantive and significant
contributions to the ideas contained here. The paper remains
a totally independent publication, and the views expressed here do
not necessarily represent the official position of either the
Government of Denmark or of UNEP.
Environment and
Globalization: Understanding
the Linkages
Although the contemporary debate on globalization has been contentious,
it has not always been useful. No one doubts that some
very significant global processes—economic, social, cultural, political
and environmental—are underway and that they affect (nearly)
everyone and (nearly) everything. Yet, there is no agreement on
exactly how to define this thing we call “globalization,” nor on
exactly which parts of it are good or bad, and for whom. For the
most part, a polarized view of globalization, its potential and its
pitfalls has taken hold of the public imagination. It has often been
projected either as a panacea for all the ills of the world or as their
primary cause. The discussion on the links between environment
and globalization has been similarly stuck in a quagmire of many
unjustified expectations and fears about the connections between
these two domains.
Box 1. Defining globalization.
What is Globalization?
There are nearly as many definitions of globalization as
authors who write on the subject. One review, by Scholte, provides
a classification of at least five broad sets of definitions:4
Globalization as internationalization. The “global” in globalization
is viewed “as simply another adjective to describe
cross-border relations between countries.” It describes the
growth in international exchange and interdependence.
Globalization as liberalization. Removing governmentimposed
restrictions on movements between countries.
Globalization as universalization. Process of spreading ideas
and experiences to people at all corners of the earth so thataspirations and experiences around the world become harmonized.
Globalization as westernization or modernization. The social
structures of modernity (capitalism, instrialism, etc.) are
spread the world over, destroying cultures and local self-determination
in the process.
Globalization as deterritorialization. Process of the “reconfiguration
of geography, so that social space is no longer wholly
mapped in terms of territorial places, territorial distances and
territorial borders.”
Although the debates on the definition and importance of globalization
have been vigorous over time, we believe that the truly relevant
policy questions today are about who benefits and who does
not; how the benefits and the costs of these processes can be shared
fairly; how the opportunities can be maximized by all; and how the
risks can be minimized.
In addressing these questions, one can understand globalization to
be a complex set of dynamics offering many opportunities to better
the human condition, but also involving significant potential
threats. Contemporary globalization manifests itself in various
ways, three of which are of particular relevance to policy-makers.
They also comprise significant environmental opportunities and
risks.
1. Globalization of the economy. The world economy globalizes
as national economies integrate into the international economy
through trade; foreign direct investment; short-term capital
flows; international movement of workers and people in general;
and flows of technology.5 This has created new opportunities
for many; but not for all. It has also placed pressures on the
global environment and on natural resources, straining the
capacity of the environment to sustain itself and exposing
human dependence on our environment.6 A globalized economy
can also proce globalized externalities and enhance global
inequities.7 Local environmental and economic decisions cancontribute to global solutions and prosperity, but the environmental
costs, as well as the economic ramifications of our
actions, can be externalized to places and people who are so far
away as to seem invisible.
2. Globalization of knowledge. As economies open up, more
people become involved in the processes of knowledge integration
and the deepening of non-market connections, including
flows of information, culture, ideology and technology.8 New
technologies can solve old problems, but they can also create
new ones. Technologies of environmental care can move across
boundaries quicker, but so can technologies of environmental
extraction. Information flows can connect workers and citizens
across boundaries and oceans (e.g., the
rise of global social movements as well
as of outsourcing), but they can also
threaten social and economic networks
at the local level. Environmentalism as a
norm has become truly global, but so
has mass consumerism.
3. Globalization of governance. Globalization places great stress
on existing patterns of global governance with the shrinking of
both time and space; the expanding role of non-state actors;
and the increasingly complex inter-state interactions.9 The
global nature of the environment demands global environmental
governance, and indeed a worldwide infrastructure of international
agreements and institutions has emerged and continues
to grow.10 But many of today’s global environmental problems
have outgrown the governance systems designed to solve
them.11 Many of these institutions, however, struggle as they
have to respond to an ever-increasing set of global challenges
while remaining constrained by institutional design principles
inherited from an earlier, more state-centric world.
The relationship between the environment and globalization—
although often overlooked—is critical to both domains.12 The environment
itself is inherently global, with life-sustaining ecosystems
and watersheds frequently crossing national boundaries; air pollution
moving across entire continents and oceans; and a singleshared atmosphere providing climate protection and shielding us
from harsh UV rays.Monitoring and responding to environmental
issues frequently provokes a need for coordinated global or regional
governance. Moreover, the environment is intrinsically linked to
economic development, providing natural resources that fuel
growth and ecosystem services that underpin both life and livelihoods.
Indeed, at least one author suggests that “the economy is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the ecology.”13
While the importance of the relationship between globalization and
the environment is obvious, our understanding of how these twin
dynamics interact remains weak. Much of the literature on globalization
and the environment is vague (discussing generalities);
myopic (focused disproportionately only on trade-related connections);
and/or partial (highlighting the impacts of globalization on
the environment, but not the other way around).
It is important to highlight that not only does globalization impact
the environment, but the environment impacts the pace, direction
and quality of globalization. At the very least, this happens because
environmental resources provide the fuel for economic globalization,
but also because our social and policy responses to global environmental
challenges constrain and influence the context in which
globalization happens. This happens, for example, through the governance
structures we establish and through the constellation of
stakeholders and stakeholder interests
that construct key policy debates. It
also happens through the transfer of
social norms, aspirations and ideas
that criss-cross the globe to formulate
extant and emergent social movements,
including global environmentalism.
In short, not only are the environment
and globalization intrinsically linked,
they are so deeply welded together
that we simply cannot address the
global environmental challenges facing us unless we are able to
understand and harness the dynamics of globalization that influ-ence them. By the same token, those who wish to capitalize on the
potential of globalization will not be able to do so unless they are
able to understand and address the great environmental challenges
of our time, which are part of the context within which globalization
takes place.
Table 1. Environment and globalization: some examples of interaction.
2、全球化在我们日常生活中的体现英语作文
With the development of economy and technology ,more and more people come to realize that the contact between countries has become more and more closely frequent.
随着经济和技术的发展，越来越多的人开始意识到国与国之间的联系变得越来越密切频繁。
Nowadays almost everyone knows Coca-cola,and when we want to pursue all aspects of all-around development,we can't avoid staying in contact with other countries.So globalization has become a unstoppable trend. Different people have different point of views.Some people believe that globalization is a good thing ,because they enjoy the convenience and quality life globalization brings, whereas others argue that the developed countries are the only beneficiaries of globalization，and the developing countries in the course of globalization suffered a series of environmental pollution problems. Globalization is a double-edged sword.
现在，几乎每个人都知道可口可乐，当我们追求全面发展的时候，我们不能避免与其他国家联系。因此，全球化已经变成一种无法停止的趋势。不同的人有不同的观点。有的人相信全球化是件好事，因为他们享受全球化带来的方便和品质生活；而其他人认为，发达国家是全球化的唯一受益者，发展中国家在全球化过程中遭受一系列的环境污染问题。全球化是一把双刃剑。
As far as I'm concerned,we should look at both sides of globalization.Only when we seize the opportunity of development and meet the challenges can we gain the upper hand in the competition.
在我看来，我们应该看到全球化的双面。只有当我们抓住发展的机遇，迎接挑战，我们才可以在竞争中
3、英文辩论赛[关于“环境保护与经济发展哪个重要”]
1.政府拿了纳税人的钱，不干行吗？保护环境是政府基本职能之一，比个人有更充足的人力、物质、信息资源，可以通过等手段有效的保护环境，所以.. 2，环保的范围很广，先查一下，哪些主要靠政府的。比如，对生产厂家排污的管理，垃圾分类处理等。 论证的角度有以下： 1.个人有环保的意识也需要政府政策的支持。比如对环保行为给予精神或物质奖励。 2.政府要环保的公共设施建设好。 3.政府要用人力物力财力进行环保观念宣传，特别是从儿童教育开始。 日本英国等国家在公共场所都设置分类垃圾箱，分类垃圾箱上画了很清晰明确的图画，市民很容易把垃圾正确分类，而且从小灌输环保理念。如今中国人民的垃圾分类观念提高不少，但是真正做到垃圾分类的少之又少，就上海而言，小区垃圾箱是分类的，但是垃圾车收垃圾的时候将所有垃圾都倒在一起拉走，就算居民做到了垃圾分类也会最终被垃圾车混在一起，分类也白分，能回收的垃圾也被当作无法回收的垃圾被填埋，这就是政府的管理不到位导致的后果。 3.，个人观点： 问题是个人靠不靠得住。正是因为个人靠不住，所以才要有“政府”这个部门来统一管辖协调，反过来讲，要是个人靠得住，那还哪儿来的那么多问题。 政府的作用，就是将各利益群体的矛盾进行调和，最终达到环境与经济的可持续发展。 4，长期以来，我国的环保一直是政府主导型，并且这种趋势与日俱增。中华环保联合会等机构一项调查结果显示，97.5％的公众都赞成将环保指标纳入官员政绩考核体系；而中国环境文化促进会发布的我国首个公众环保指数显示，如果以百分制计算的话，2005年中国公众环保指数得分为68.05分。综合两组数据不难看出，公众对环保的关注度很高，但参与度不强。 谁都希望有一个良好的生存环境，“全民环保”抑或是达及这一目标最好的方式。如果说“搭便车”现象使得公众在环保自觉方面容易产生惰性的话，公民环境权行使与救济的缺陷，则又使这一惰性变成了“麻木症”。 其实，将环境权列为现代法治国家公民的基本权利，已经成为国际社会的普遍共识。面临日益严重的环境问题，固然需要公权力强势介入，亦需要更多地借助私权利。通过立法明确公民的环境权，并通过一系列制度安排，确保此项权利行使与救济的顺利实现，不仅为公权力的行使提供广泛的民意支持，更可依托广泛的私权利，无时不在、无处不在地监督和制约公权力的作为与不作为。如此多管齐下，环境问题的有效缓解将是可以期待的。 通过立法明确公民的环境权，标志着主管部门管理理念和管理方式的重大转变：由单一的部门行政管理，转向高调支持公众参与，切实赋予公民环境权，以形成主管部门、公众与NGO组织多方良性互动的格局。 这一格局的最终成型，不仅将为往昔稍显突兀和孤单的“环保风暴”提供强有力的支撑，更重要的是，环境保护问题有望迎来实质性的变革。 5，保护环境，首先要在观念上有意识。沱江污染事故发生后，四川省有关负责人反思道：这些污染现象表现在企业，但其根源还是在政府。企业之所以如此肆无忌惮，正是地方政府一味的追求经济发展，忽视环境保护工作的结果。如果政府注意保护环境，将成为环境保护的最大动力。 其次，保护环境还要有好的管理体制。中国在国家财政能力有限的情况下，充分发挥政府的主导作用，通过制定法律，完善政策，增强机构，加大执法力度，健全监测体系，改善技术能力和多方面筹资等多项措施，在保护环境方面取得了成效。政府对于环境保护的主导作用是中国实施可持续发展战略中总结出来的最重要启示。 再次，保护环境还需要科技强有力的支持。由于技术有限，群众发现环境受到污染在一定程度上要比政府落后。2005年11月13日，吉林省境内中石油吉化公司双苯厂胺苯车间发生爆炸，百吨苯类污染物流入松花江。环保部门次日即检测出水体苯超标，但是，松花江流域的群众在距污染发生10日以后才知道事件。 最后，立法 、执法也是保护环境的有力措施。《环境保护产品认定管理暂行办法》产生于计划经济时代，有些规定与WTO原则不符合。自我国加入WTO后，为适应入时的形势要求，国家环保总局对原《环境保护产品认定管理暂行办法》进行了修订。试问，这些群众能办到吗？ 6，之后才有人们的普遍环保意识的提升，所以说环境保护主要靠政府，或者说个人意识的上升是政府动作的良好结果，也是环境保护最终取得成功的一个可能阶段，但是如果把一个中间阶段当成对一件事情的主要决定因素就以点盖面，以偏概全了，所以说我们的观点是环境保护需要整个社会的共同努力才能最终取得良好的结果，但是环境保护主要是依靠政府！ 7，有意引导对方走入误区，力争让听众觉得他们的观点是“要依靠个人”而不是“依靠群众”，我们可以准备一些攻击个人英雄主义的论据和例子，会派上用场的；当然如果对方不中计，那么你们就从法律的强制性方面多谈谈吧。 8，历数中国乱砍乱伐事件，没有政府干预，没有出台相应的制度法律，那么这种现象将延续；（法律） 9，环境保护主要靠政府从三北防护林，到黄河的综合治理；从沙漠绿洲工程到汽车尾气排量的限制；处处都有政府手段在大显身手，政府手段就像一根无形的绳索，将分散在民众中的力量积聚起来，使其最大限度的发挥力量，政府手段不仅能够在治理方面占主要作用，还在保持环境方面有巨大作用。而民众意识呢，由于其先天不足，具有松散性，从古至今，公众意识不能形成足够大的约束力，退一万步来说，即使绝大多数的人都很自觉了，也能抑制少部分污染，却对主要污染源无能为力。环境保护是一项复杂的系统工程，涉及面广，只有政府能多方面地协调；其次，要坚持可持续性发展，就要经济与环保并行，就要解决吃饭和资金的问题，这只有政府能办到；再次，政府可以整合人力和财力资源，使其达到效益最优化；再次，环境保护需要全球化，全球化需要政府出面;最后,环境保护中政府的立法、监督具有更强的执行力。所以，我们坚信环境保护政府这一倚天长剑 10.，环保需要： 钱--要政府 人力---需要政府 制度---需要人大，还是政府 税收调控---需要制度，还是政府 宣传---费用，还是要政府 国际合作---要有组织，还是政府 11，群众是由个人组成，但个人不能代表群众，否则就是个人英雄主义 12，反方一辩则指出，环境问题的根本矛盾在于人口密集，群众环保意识差；而解决环境问题的根本方法在于群众积极参与到环保行动中来。反方举例，德国使用垃圾分类回收箱很成功，是因为德国群众的环保意识好；而中国使用垃圾分类回收箱效果不好，是因为群众环保意识差。反方还举出淮河治理的例子，说明群众的环保意识比政府拨款更重要。最后，反方归纳政府、群众二着在环保中的关系——政府起组织、监督的作用，只能治标，为外因；群众是行动主体，能治本，为内因。反方虽然注意了群众与政府的比较，但本身的立论框架过于简单。 在盘问、驳论环节，双方首先就反方在立论中举出的例子展开攻防，正方说德国、中国都使用分类垃圾箱却结果不同，是因为双方国情不同，这显然是政府的事情（这个推论有问题，但反方没有追究）。反方又举出生活垃圾、环保标志、环保教育等例子，而正方却一直在说，所有的环保行为缺少了政府的参与，都是不行的 13，火车跑的快，全凭车头带。环境保护，是指对自然环境实施的保护，自然环境是一个广义的概念，包括人类置身其中的整个环境。政府手段是指作为社会管理主导力量的政府采取的保护环境的一系列行为和措施。环境保护要得以有效的可持续的实现，主要靠政府手段。 14，第一，政府作为社会管理的主体，它有权利有义务对它管理的客体履行相关职责。自然环境是这个客体中的组成部分，政府对自然环境的保护责无旁贷。 第二，政府有能力对自然环境进行保护，而且政府保护手段发挥的作用是巨大而无可代替的第三，政府在舆论上可以发挥其杠杆作用，营造全社会都来进行环境保护的浓郁氛围。第四，只有政府手段才能实现环境保护的科学化，并形成可持续发展的局面
4、急需一篇命题为全球化的英文演讲稿。时间一分钟左右，不要太难。内容要有内涵。
global competition
CHINA AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER:
Is a new world order in the making? The answer: yes. Up to now, only about 20% of the world's people have attained solid development, growth, and modernity. Now the rest are catching up at an unprecedented speed. This sudden surge in so many late developers suggests a brave new world in the making.
Several Key Changes
Huge changes are happening, within a vastly expanded sphere for all people and nations. We can identify four in particular.
First, wealth making through instrialization and commercialization has become a universal thing. For a long time, procts made in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany dominated global markets. Today, procts made in China, Mexico, Vietnam, and Indonesia, among other developing nations, are increasingly flooding the world, changing the global proction map again.
Behind this changing map, interestingly, many poor nations have rapidly taken on active roles in the global economy. But their biggest weapon remains low-cost labor, which provides a working platform for cooperation and sharing between the rich and poor nations.
Today, most developing nations are extremely limited in resources and strengths. Hence, for them, this cost gap is a survival gap. In fact, other than cheap labor and hard work, they have few advantages. However, it turns out that low labor cost and hard work do make a difference.
For now, manufacturing activities, especially in the low end of the value chains, increasingly shift to the poor nations, while the developed nations focus more and more on a service and high-tech-oriented economy. This giant change, though only beginning, will impact the future world economy even more.
Second, all regional markets are connected to each other. Interdependence is opening up the old national boundaries dramatically. Most profoundly, the flows of capital, technology, goods, and people have reached a new level. Moving from survival of the fittest to rational collaboration and sharing, life on the earth will never be the same again.
Third, wealth making has gained a record-high status. Consequently, old ideology is lost to the new economic waves. This is a truly golden age for capitalists anywhere, who can reach all corners of the world for the first time in human history.
全球竞争
中国和世界新秩序:
是一个新的世界秩序的过程? 答案:是的。 到目前为止,只有约20%的世界人民获得了牢固的发展、增长、和现代化。 其他地区现在已赶上以前所未有的速度。 这麽多晚突然增加的发展商建议的勇敢新世界中作出的。
几个关键的修改
正在发生巨大的变化,在一个领域大大扩大为所有国家和人民。 我们可以确定四个特别是。
第一,财富使通过工业化和商业化已经成为一个具有普遍意义的东西。 长期以来,产品在联合王国、美国和德国,主宰全球市场。 今天,中国制造的产品、墨西哥、越南、印度尼西亚、在其他发展中国家,正越来越多地水浸的世界,不断变化的全球生产再次地图。
这一变化背后地图,有趣的是,许多穷国已迅速采取积极的作用对在全球经济。 但他们最大的武器仍然是低成本劳动力,这提供了一个工作平台,以合作和分享富国和穷国之间。
今天,大多数发展中国家都极为有限的资源和力量。 因此,对他们来说,这一费用差距是一个生存差距。 事实上,其他较廉价劳工和勤奋工作,他们有几个优势。 然而,原来,劳动力成本低和艰苦的工作是有影响的。
现在,制造业活动,特别是在低端的价值链,日益转移到穷国,而发达国家把重点更多和更多的服务和高科技为主的经济。 这一巨大变化,尽管只是开始,将会影响未来世界经济的更多。
第二,所有的区域市场是相互连接。 相互依存是开放的旧国家边界急剧增加。 最深刻、流动方面的资本、技术、商品、和人民达到了新的水平。 从适者生存的合作和交流,合理,生活在地球也永远不会是原来的样子。
第三,财富作出了记录很高的地位。 因此,旧思想是失去了对新经济浪潮。 这真的是一个黄金年龄的任何地方资本家,谁能达到对世界所有角落首次在人类历史。
5、面对全球化，掌握多种语言占优势。。做出一个辩论，，（正方），拜托，急求！！！
既然是全球化，我们就不得不面临人与人之间的交流，我们要面对各种形形色色的人，各种来自不同种族不同国家的人，我们要与他们更好的交流就一定要懂得他们的语言，语言是一种很好的交流工具；多一门语言就多一种交通的桥梁，也会使我们结识更多的人，交的更多的朋友；另外会多一门语言也会使我们拥有比别人更多的就业机会；会多一门语言会使我们工作起来更方便；会多一门语言也会使我们比别人更有自信，试想一下哪一个翻译官站在那里为别人做着流利的翻译时，不是自信满满的？；掌握多种语言也是一种能力的象征，是一个人所拥有的本事。
总结如下：1、交流工具，利于人与人的沟通、结识更多的人，交的更多的朋友
、拥有比别人更多的就业机会
4为工作带来方便
5增强自信心
6是一种能力的象征
6、英语是全球性的语言这一观点该如何反驳
这个不是观点，而是目前的现实跟事实。只有设想未来会变化啦，没有其他的方法。
7、高分求一篇经济全球化利与弊的英文作文。
下面是一篇经济全球化利与弊的中英文对照的作文：
文化多样性的减少
一、全球化会抹平社会间的多样性，但会增加社会内部的多样性。因为人们可供选择的菜单增加了。想想哪个更重要。
二、多样性是一个悖论。全球化确实会使某些局部上的多样性减少。太多的知识会限制我们的创造力。某种程度的隔绝可以将自信和某种魔术感注入到艺术中。这种局部多样性的减少又意味着人们可供选择的菜单的减少。
三、这是一个“度”的问题。
First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community, but will increase the diversity within society. Because people increased choice of menu. Think about which is more important.
Second, diversity is a paradox. Globalization does make some partial rection of diversity. Too much knowledge will limit our creativity. Some
degree of isolation can inject a sense of confidence and a certain magic to the art. This diversity of local people to rece the mean rection in choice of menu.
Third, this is a "degree" of the problem.
传统节日渐渐被西方节日占领，传统习俗的遗忘，传统古建筑在经济的发展下不断被拆除摧毁。
The traditional festival has graally been occupied by Western festivals, traditions and customs be forgotten, the traditional ancient buildings continue to be demolished to destroy in the development of the economy.
People in the world today are facing complicated society. Art and culture even be used to achieve the expansion. Hollywood, United States, for example, Hollywood annually proces about 700 films the Hollywood audience all over the world. In fact, the Hollywood movie has now become a tool of the United States to achieve the purposes of aggression and expansion.
文化既是民族的，又是世界的
各民族都有自己文化的个性和特征。 各民族文化都是世界文化中不可缺少
Culture is national, but also the world's
All ethnic groups have their own culture and personality characteristics. The national culture is indispensable to world culture
Accounted for over 1/5 of the population lives in countries with the highest income levels, they have 86% of the global gross domestic proct (GDP), 82% of the global export market, 68% of the foreign direct investment, 74% of the total number of telephone; while the share of the world's populationonly about 1% of the share of 1/5 of the total number of poor in the above-mentioned items now. The difference between rich and poor countries in terms of average income, 74 times, in 1960, this gap is only 30 times. In addition, the 200 richest assets accounted for 41% of the world's total population, more than the total income.
200 millionaire property increased twice in the past four years, more than one trillion U.S. dollars, to the contrary, the daily income of less than $ poor remained at around 1.3 billion.
Globalization undoubtedly contributed to the overall growth of the world
economy, the global distribution of economic interests is disproportionate. A handful of national and multinational monopolies rules of the game and control the world market. Multinational corporations are an important driving force of economic globalization, the world's 100 largest economies, and yet there are 51 multinational companies. (2000 data) and the vast majority of multinational companies from developed countries. Seen by the state power embodied in national wealth gap is still huge. In economic output, few countries are expected to challenge the middle or even smaller instrialized countries. Even the third world to maintain the momentum of rapid development, the absolute gap can be so large that in the foreseeable future is unlikely to be eliminated.
At present, the persons concerned are to promote economic globalization on developed countries' damage theory. "However, the world economy and the greater impact of the international system is globalization has increased
inequality between countries. First, the past accumulated inequalities between countries not only failed to eliminate or mitigate a result of globalization, but growing.
Population of high-income countries account for only about 15% of the world's population, their home is the world's biological capacity by 28% but 55% of global consumption of biocapacity. This is how to achieve it?
However, political independence, economic independence they are still
nowhere in sight. International division of labor under globalization, third world countries are still at the bottom of the global instrial chain, excessive
consumption in developed countries to provide the resources and cheap labor.
An indigenous leader from the Philippines has sharply pointed out that "the so-called economic globalization, but the latest manifestation of colonialism." Colonial past is a direct plunder, colonists had to directly face the dissatisfaction of the colonists and resistance; the current economic
globalization is the scam together, the old masters and the elite conspiracy third World countries, third World countries continue to proce low-cost output, raw materials and labor (in processing, etc.), and in exchange, often and interests of the majority of unrelated or even negatively related to luxury goods and weapons and the like. "
In 1964, the world-renowned U.S. company Union Carbide in India opened a proction of pesticides farm .1975 years, finally built a large Pesticide Factory, 750 kilometers south away from the capital city of New Delhi.
In the 1984, this Pesticide Factory, liquid, highly toxic gas leakage from the tank, and lingering. The accident put 45 tons of highly toxic gas inside the tank to leak away. Only two days alone, more than 2,500 people were killed and another 60 million people affected by the poison damage of varying degrees. In 1994,The number of death has reached 6495 , there are 40,000 people dying.
Globalization the values conflict, main performance for different nationalities and countries, especially between the values of western values and non-western values of the conflict between.
And for non-western behind countries, western values and the conflict between the national values and is often and traditional values and the modem values is the process of modernization, the formation and development of the conflict between the values and intertwined, and often with the latter for intermediary.
Although "globalization" and "modernization" have different content, the former has some kind of space or geographic category of nature, it is to point to from regional to global;
While the latter has some time or historical category of nature, it is to point to from tradition to modern times, but since modern times of globalization and the whole world of modernization process is actually the same process.
It is in this process, the western capitalist countries to take the lead in realizing the
modernization of the endogenous type, according to the capitalist expansion immanent logic and with its start advantage, forced or sece non-western national identity western value, tries hard to western values, a generalized and globalization;
Some non-western countries the hand behind efforts to start or DuoCi start forced type, such as the modernization of the ZhuiGanXing exogenous type, and thus in different degree approbation west value, on the other hand, a generalized expansion in western values under the weight of national culture and appear constantly identity crisis and identity pursuit, and national cultural identity in the final analysis or for the ethnic traditional culture, especially to the core value of identity.
Therefore, in the globalization of the world modernization and basic collocated process, "" western" is no longer a geographical term but 'common code of', 'modern western' is' the symbol of modernization "universal. Through such conversion, identity 'western' into identity 'modern'."
J correspondingly, globalization china-africa western countries face behind the national values and the western the conflicts of values, often also direct the performance for the traditional values and the modem values of the conflict between.
As the expansion of the generalized to western values and fight against extreme form of response, fundamentalism was "the modern", lies in its saw and special emphasis on globalization in the modern values and the exterior-interior relationship between western values.
Also because of this, so native and outland, traditional and modern this two category and their mutual relationships become the contemporary culture study and cultural philosophy in the debate a focal point.
In the face of all these contemporary globalization in complex culture values conflict, cultural evolution in different cultural and understand that values will geographic category (native and outland) into historical category (the traditional and modern), and cultural relativism then requires the people will historical category (the traditional and modern) into geographic category (native and outlands).
Although cultural evolution and cultural relativism each has its drawbacks, of which, the former have obviously the theory of color, the latter has the cultural conservatism properties, but both see the modern globalization in different national values, especially the conflict between western values and non-western values is the conflict between the traditional values and the modem values and the conflict is profoundly intertwined with the facts, and to make a fact to own understanding and explanation.
增加是随着经济全球化的正常运作过程而产生的，它同时又是全球化发展不均衡的结果。 With the globalization of economy increase is the normal operation of the process and of generation, it is also the result of the unbalanced development of globalization.
全球化带来的收益与支付的成本在不同的国家之间和一国之内不同人群之间的分配也是不均衡的。
The benefits of globalization and the cost of pay in different countries and different groups within one country between the distribution is not balanced between.
也就是说发达国家和发展中国家在全球化发展中参与游戏的角色是不同的，所获得的利益是不
That is the developed countries and developing countries in global development in the game role is different, benefit from is not
均衡的，这样的倾斜导致了发展中国家大量的非法移民流入发达国家
A balanced, so the tilt of the developing countries in a large number of illegal immigrants into
the developed countries