1、我要進行一次辯論賽，關於全球化與環境的，英語
The processes that we now think of as 「globalization」 were central
to the environmental cause well before the term 「globalization」
came into its current usage. Global environmental concerns were
born out of the recognition that ecological processes do not always
respect national boundaries and that environmental problems often
have impacts beyond borders; sometimes globally. Connected to
this was the notion that the ability of humans to act and think at a
global scale also brings with it a new dimension of global responsibility—
not only to planetary resources but also to planetary fairness.
These ideas were central to the defining discourse of contemporary
environmentalism in the 1960s and 1970s1 and to the
concept of sustainable development that took root in the 1980s and
1990s.2
The current debate on globalization has become de-linked from its
environmental roots and contexts. These links between environment
and globalization need to be re-examined and recognized. To
ignore these links is to misunderstand the full extent and nature of
globalization and to miss out on critical opportunities to address
some of the most pressing environmental challenges faced by
humanity. The purpose of this paper is to explore these linkages in
the context of the current discourse.
For its February 2007 meetings, the Global Ministerial
Environment Forum (GMEF) of the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) has selected environment and globalization as
one of its areas of focus. This paper has been prepared as an independent
input to that process. The thrust of the paper, therefore, is
on policy-relevant debates and its principal audience is environmental
leaders assembling in Nairobi, Kenya, for the GMEF meetings.
However, the paper aspires also to be relevant to audiences and
debates beyond this meeting. We hope that the paper will inspire
discussions—even if they are critical of our analysis—on the nature
and importance of the links between environment and globalization.
It is hoped that the discussions that will begin in Nairobi willnot end there—that these conversations will not only be carried
back to national capitals, but will also be carried forward by leaders
of government, international organizations, civil society and business.
We hope that this paper will contribute to a more vigorous
conversation on environment and globalization at Nairobi, and
beyond.
This paper has been proced independently by the International
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) with financial support
from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of
Denmark. The process was led by David Runnalls (IISD』s President
and Chief Executive Officer) and Mark Halle (IISD』s Director of
Trade and Investment and European Representative). The principal
author is Prof. Adil Najam (IISD Associate and Associate Professor
at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University),
who was assisted in the research by Mihaela Papa and Lauren K.
Inouye.3
The paper has benefited tremendously from the insights and ideas
of an ad hoc advisory group that met twice in Geneva (October
2006 and January 2007). These meetings were attended by the
authors and researchers as well as by Hussein Abaza (Egypt), Tariq
Banuri (Pakistan), Susan Brown (Australia), Tom Burke (United
Kingdom), Kim Carstensen (Denmark), Marion Cheatle (United
Kingdom), Dharam Ghai (Kenya), Jean-Pierre Lehmann (France),
Kilaparti Ramakrishna (India/United States), Phillipe Roch
(Switzerland), Laurence Tubiana (France) and Dominic Waughray
(United Kingdom), all of whom inspired and shaped the ideas contained
here in countless ways. In addition, this paper has also benefited
from the advice and encouragement of Achim Steiner,
Executive Director of UNEP.We are also grateful to Aaron Cosbey
of IISD for providing very useful comments on the final draft.We
are especially grateful to Mihaela Papa and Lauren K. Inouye of the
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, for their
invaluable research assistance, and for their substantive and significant
contributions to the ideas contained here. The paper remains
a totally independent publication, and the views expressed here do
not necessarily represent the official position of either the
Government of Denmark or of UNEP.
Environment and
Globalization: Understanding
the Linkages
Although the contemporary debate on globalization has been contentious,
it has not always been useful. No one doubts that some
very significant global processes—economic, social, cultural, political
and environmental—are underway and that they affect (nearly)
everyone and (nearly) everything. Yet, there is no agreement on
exactly how to define this thing we call 「globalization,」 nor on
exactly which parts of it are good or bad, and for whom. For the
most part, a polarized view of globalization, its potential and its
pitfalls has taken hold of the public imagination. It has often been
projected either as a panacea for all the ills of the world or as their
primary cause. The discussion on the links between environment
and globalization has been similarly stuck in a quagmire of many
unjustified expectations and fears about the connections between
these two domains.
Box 1. Defining globalization.
What is Globalization?
There are nearly as many definitions of globalization as
authors who write on the subject. One review, by Scholte, provides
a classification of at least five broad sets of definitions:4
Globalization as internationalization. The 「global」 in globalization
is viewed 「as simply another adjective to describe
cross-border relations between countries.」 It describes the
growth in international exchange and interdependence.
Globalization as liberalization. Removing governmentimposed
restrictions on movements between countries.
Globalization as universalization. Process of spreading ideas
and experiences to people at all corners of the earth so thataspirations and experiences around the world become harmonized.
Globalization as westernization or modernization. The social
structures of modernity (capitalism, instrialism, etc.) are
spread the world over, destroying cultures and local self-determination
in the process.
Globalization as deterritorialization. Process of the 「reconfiguration
of geography, so that social space is no longer wholly
mapped in terms of territorial places, territorial distances and
territorial borders.」
Although the debates on the definition and importance of globalization
have been vigorous over time, we believe that the truly relevant
policy questions today are about who benefits and who does
not; how the benefits and the costs of these processes can be shared
fairly; how the opportunities can be maximized by all; and how the
risks can be minimized.
In addressing these questions, one can understand globalization to
be a complex set of dynamics offering many opportunities to better
the human condition, but also involving significant potential
threats. Contemporary globalization manifests itself in various
ways, three of which are of particular relevance to policy-makers.
They also comprise significant environmental opportunities and
risks.
1. Globalization of the economy. The world economy globalizes
as national economies integrate into the international economy
through trade; foreign direct investment; short-term capital
flows; international movement of workers and people in general;
and flows of technology.5 This has created new opportunities
for many; but not for all. It has also placed pressures on the
global environment and on natural resources, straining the
capacity of the environment to sustain itself and exposing
human dependence on our environment.6 A globalized economy
can also proce globalized externalities and enhance global
inequities.7 Local environmental and economic decisions cancontribute to global solutions and prosperity, but the environmental
costs, as well as the economic ramifications of our
actions, can be externalized to places and people who are so far
away as to seem invisible.
2. Globalization of knowledge. As economies open up, more
people become involved in the processes of knowledge integration
and the deepening of non-market connections, including
flows of information, culture, ideology and technology.8 New
technologies can solve old problems, but they can also create
new ones. Technologies of environmental care can move across
boundaries quicker, but so can technologies of environmental
extraction. Information flows can connect workers and citizens
across boundaries and oceans (e.g., the
rise of global social movements as well
as of outsourcing), but they can also
threaten social and economic networks
at the local level. Environmentalism as a
norm has become truly global, but so
has mass consumerism.
3. Globalization of governance. Globalization places great stress
on existing patterns of global governance with the shrinking of
both time and space; the expanding role of non-state actors;
and the increasingly complex inter-state interactions.9 The
global nature of the environment demands global environmental
governance, and indeed a worldwide infrastructure of international
agreements and institutions has emerged and continues
to grow.10 But many of today』s global environmental problems
have outgrown the governance systems designed to solve
them.11 Many of these institutions, however, struggle as they
have to respond to an ever-increasing set of global challenges
while remaining constrained by institutional design principles
inherited from an earlier, more state-centric world.
The relationship between the environment and globalization—
although often overlooked—is critical to both domains.12 The environment
itself is inherently global, with life-sustaining ecosystems
and watersheds frequently crossing national boundaries; air pollution
moving across entire continents and oceans; and a singleshared atmosphere providing climate protection and shielding us
from harsh UV rays.Monitoring and responding to environmental
issues frequently provokes a need for coordinated global or regional
governance. Moreover, the environment is intrinsically linked to
economic development, providing natural resources that fuel
growth and ecosystem services that underpin both life and livelihoods.
Indeed, at least one author suggests that 「the economy is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the ecology.」13
While the importance of the relationship between globalization and
the environment is obvious, our understanding of how these twin
dynamics interact remains weak. Much of the literature on globalization
and the environment is vague (discussing generalities);
myopic (focused disproportionately only on trade-related connections);
and/or partial (highlighting the impacts of globalization on
the environment, but not the other way around).
It is important to highlight that not only does globalization impact
the environment, but the environment impacts the pace, direction
and quality of globalization. At the very least, this happens because
environmental resources provide the fuel for economic globalization,
but also because our social and policy responses to global environmental
challenges constrain and influence the context in which
globalization happens. This happens, for example, through the governance
structures we establish and through the constellation of
stakeholders and stakeholder interests
that construct key policy debates. It
also happens through the transfer of
social norms, aspirations and ideas
that criss-cross the globe to formulate
extant and emergent social movements,
including global environmentalism.
In short, not only are the environment
and globalization intrinsically linked,
they are so deeply welded together
that we simply cannot address the
global environmental challenges facing us unless we are able to
understand and harness the dynamics of globalization that influ-ence them. By the same token, those who wish to capitalize on the
potential of globalization will not be able to do so unless they are
able to understand and address the great environmental challenges
of our time, which are part of the context within which globalization
takes place.
Table 1. Environment and globalization: some examples of interaction.
2、全球化在我們日常生活中的體現英語作文
With the development of economy and technology ,more and more people come to realize that the contact between countries has become more and more closely frequent.
隨著經濟和技術的發展，越來越多的人開始意識到國與國之間的聯系變得越來越密切頻繁。
Nowadays almost everyone knows Coca-cola,and when we want to pursue all aspects of all-around development,we can't avoid staying in contact with other countries.So globalization has become a unstoppable trend. Different people have different point of views.Some people believe that globalization is a good thing ,because they enjoy the convenience and quality life globalization brings, whereas others argue that the developed countries are the only beneficiaries of globalization，and the developing countries in the course of globalization suffered a series of environmental pollution problems. Globalization is a double-edged sword.
現在，幾乎每個人都知道可口可樂，當我們追求全面發展的時候，我們不能避免與其他國家聯系。因此，全球化已經變成一種無法停止的趨勢。不同的人有不同的觀點。有的人相信全球化是件好事，因為他們享受全球化帶來的方便和品質生活；而其他人認為，發達國家是全球化的唯一受益者，發展中國家在全球化過程中遭受一系列的環境污染問題。全球化是一把雙刃劍。
As far as I'm concerned,we should look at both sides of globalization.Only when we seize the opportunity of development and meet the challenges can we gain the upper hand in the competition.
在我看來，我們應該看到全球化的雙面。只有當我們抓住發展的機遇，迎接挑戰，我們才可以在競爭中
3、英文辯論賽[關於「環境保護與經濟發展哪個重要」]
1.政府拿了納稅人的錢，不幹行嗎？保護環境是政府基本職能之一，比個人有更充足的人力、物質、信息資源，可以通過等手段有效的保護環境，所以.. 2，環保的范圍很廣，先查一下，哪些主要靠政府的。比如，對生產廠家排污的管理，垃圾分類處理等。 論證的角度有以下： 1.個人有環保的意識也需要政府政策的支持。比如對環保行為給予精神或物質獎勵。 2.政府要環保的公共設施建設好。 3.政府要用人力物力財力進行環保觀念宣傳，特別是從兒童教育開始。 日本英國等國家在公共場所都設置分類垃圾箱，分類垃圾箱上畫了很清晰明確的圖畫，市民很容易把垃圾正確分類，而且從小灌輸環保理念。如今中國人民的垃圾分類觀念提高不少，但是真正做到垃圾分類的少之又少，就上海而言，小區垃圾箱是分類的，但是垃圾車收垃圾的時候將所有垃圾都倒在一起拉走，就算居民做到了垃圾分類也會最終被垃圾車混在一起，分類也白分，能回收的垃圾也被當作無法回收的垃圾被填埋，這就是政府的管理不到位導致的後果。 3.，個人觀點： 問題是個人靠不靠得住。正是因為個人靠不住，所以才要有「政府」這個部門來統一管轄協調，反過來講，要是個人靠得住，那還哪兒來的那麼多問題。 政府的作用，就是將各利益群體的矛盾進行調和，最終達到環境與經濟的可持續發展。 4，長期以來，我國的環保一直是政府主導型，並且這種趨勢與日俱增。中華環保聯合會等機構一項調查結果顯示，97.5％的公眾都贊成將環保指標納入官員政績考核體系；而中國環境文化促進會發布的我國首個公眾環保指數顯示，如果以百分制計算的話，2005年中國公眾環保指數得分為68.05分。綜合兩組數據不難看出，公眾對環保的關注度很高，但參與度不強。 誰都希望有一個良好的生存環境，「全民環保」抑或是達及這一目標最好的方式。如果說「搭便車」現象使得公眾在環保自覺方面容易產生惰性的話，公民環境權行使與救濟的缺陷，則又使這一惰性變成了「麻木症」。 其實，將環境權列為現代法治國家公民的基本權利，已經成為國際社會的普遍共識。面臨日益嚴重的環境問題，固然需要公權力強勢介入，亦需要更多地藉助私權利。通過立法明確公民的環境權，並通過一系列制度安排，確保此項權利行使與救濟的順利實現，不僅為公權力的行使提供廣泛的民意支持，更可依託廣泛的私權利，無時不在、無處不在地監督和制約公權力的作為與不作為。如此多管齊下，環境問題的有效緩解將是可以期待的。 通過立法明確公民的環境權，標志著主管部門管理理念和管理方式的重大轉變：由單一的部門行政管理，轉向高調支持公眾參與，切實賦予公民環境權，以形成主管部門、公眾與NGO組織多方良性互動的格局。 這一格局的最終成型，不僅將為往昔稍顯突兀和孤單的「環保風暴」提供強有力的支撐，更重要的是，環境保護問題有望迎來實質性的變革。 5，保護環境，首先要在觀念上有意識。沱江污染事故發生後，四川省有關負責人反思道：這些污染現象表現在企業，但其根源還是在政府。企業之所以如此肆無忌憚，正是地方政府一味的追求經濟發展，忽視環境保護工作的結果。如果政府注意保護環境，將成為環境保護的最大動力。 其次，保護環境還要有好的管理體制。中國在國家財政能力有限的情況下，充分發揮政府的主導作用，通過制定法律，完善政策，增強機構，加大執法力度，健全監測體系，改善技術能力和多方面籌資等多項措施，在保護環境方面取得了成效。政府對於環境保護的主導作用是中國實施可持續發展戰略中總結出來的最重要啟示。 再次，保護環境還需要科技強有力的支持。由於技術有限，群眾發現環境受到污染在一定程度上要比政府落後。2005年11月13日，吉林省境內中石油吉化公司雙苯廠胺苯車間發生爆炸，百噸苯類污染物流入松花江。環保部門次日即檢測出水體苯超標，但是，松花江流域的群眾在距污染發生10日以後才知道事件。 最後，立法 、執法也是保護環境的有力措施。《環境保護產品認定管理暫行辦法》產生於計劃經濟時代，有些規定與WTO原則不符合。自我國加入WTO後，為適應入時的形勢要求，國家環保總局對原《環境保護產品認定管理暫行辦法》進行了修訂。試問，這些群眾能辦到嗎？ 6，之後才有人們的普遍環保意識的提升，所以說環境保護主要靠政府，或者說個人意識的上升是政府動作的良好結果，也是環境保護最終取得成功的一個可能階段，但是如果把一個中間階段當成對一件事情的主要決定因素就以點蓋面，以偏概全了，所以說我們的觀點是環境保護需要整個社會的共同努力才能最終取得良好的結果，但是環境保護主要是依靠政府！ 7，有意引導對方走入誤區，力爭讓聽眾覺得他們的觀點是「要依靠個人」而不是「依靠群眾」，我們可以准備一些攻擊個人英雄主義的論據和例子，會派上用場的；當然如果對方不中計，那麼你們就從法律的強制性方面多談談吧。 8，歷數中國亂砍亂伐事件，沒有政府幹預，沒有出台相應的制度法律，那麼這種現象將延續；（法律） 9，環境保護主要靠政府從三北防護林，到黃河的綜合治理；從沙漠綠洲工程到汽車尾氣排量的限制；處處都有政府手段在大顯身手，政府手段就像一根無形的繩索，將分散在民眾中的力量積聚起來，使其最大限度的發揮力量，政府手段不僅能夠在治理方面佔主要作用，還在保持環境方面有巨大作用。而民眾意識呢，由於其先天不足，具有鬆散性，從古至今，公眾意識不能形成足夠大的約束力，退一萬步來說，即使絕大多數的人都很自覺了，也能抑制少部分污染，卻對主要污染源無能為力。環境保護是一項復雜的系統工程，涉及面廣，只有政府能多方面地協調；其次，要堅持可持續性發展，就要經濟與環保並行，就要解決吃飯和資金的問題，這只有政府能辦到；再次，政府可以整合人力和財力資源，使其達到效益最優化；再次，環境保護需要全球化，全球化需要政府出面;最後,環境保護中政府的立法、監督具有更強的執行力。所以，我們堅信環境保護政府這一倚天長劍 10.，環保需要： 錢--要政府 人力---需要政府 制度---需要人大，還是政府 稅收調控---需要制度，還是政府 宣傳---費用，還是要政府 國際合作---要有組織，還是政府 11，群眾是由個人組成，但個人不能代表群眾，否則就是個人英雄主義 12，反方一辯則指出，環境問題的根本矛盾在於人口密集，群眾環保意識差；而解決環境問題的根本方法在於群眾積極參與到環保行動中來。反方舉例，德國使用垃圾分類回收箱很成功，是因為德國群眾的環保意識好；而中國使用垃圾分類回收箱效果不好，是因為群眾環保意識差。反方還舉出淮河治理的例子，說明群眾的環保意識比政府撥款更重要。最後，反方歸納政府、群眾二著在環保中的關系——政府起組織、監督的作用，只能治標，為外因；群眾是行動主體，能治本，為內因。反方雖然注意了群眾與政府的比較，但本身的立論框架過於簡單。 在盤問、駁論環節，雙方首先就反方在立論中舉出的例子展開攻防，正方說德國、中國都使用分類垃圾箱卻結果不同，是因為雙方國情不同，這顯然是政府的事情（這個推論有問題，但反方沒有追究）。反方又舉出生活垃圾、環保標志、環保教育等例子，而正方卻一直在說，所有的環保行為缺少了政府的參與，都是不行的 13，火車跑的快，全憑車頭帶。環境保護，是指對自然環境實施的保護，自然環境是一個廣義的概念，包括人類置身其中的整個環境。政府手段是指作為社會管理主導力量的政府採取的保護環境的一系列行為和措施。環境保護要得以有效的可持續的實現，主要靠政府手段。 14，第一，政府作為社會管理的主體，它有權利有義務對它管理的客體履行相關職責。自然環境是這個客體中的組成部分，政府對自然環境的保護責無旁貸。 第二，政府有能力對自然環境進行保護，而且政府保護手段發揮的作用是巨大而無可代替的第三，政府在輿論上可以發揮其杠桿作用，營造全社會都來進行環境保護的濃郁氛圍。第四，只有政府手段才能實現環境保護的科學化，並形成可持續發展的局面
4、急需一篇命題為全球化的英文演講稿。時間一分鍾左右，不要太難。內容要有內涵。
global competition
CHINA AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER:
Is a new world order in the making? The answer: yes. Up to now, only about 20% of the world's people have attained solid development, growth, and modernity. Now the rest are catching up at an unprecedented speed. This sudden surge in so many late developers suggests a brave new world in the making.
Several Key Changes
Huge changes are happening, within a vastly expanded sphere for all people and nations. We can identify four in particular.
First, wealth making through instrialization and commercialization has become a universal thing. For a long time, procts made in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany dominated global markets. Today, procts made in China, Mexico, Vietnam, and Indonesia, among other developing nations, are increasingly flooding the world, changing the global proction map again.
Behind this changing map, interestingly, many poor nations have rapidly taken on active roles in the global economy. But their biggest weapon remains low-cost labor, which provides a working platform for cooperation and sharing between the rich and poor nations.
Today, most developing nations are extremely limited in resources and strengths. Hence, for them, this cost gap is a survival gap. In fact, other than cheap labor and hard work, they have few advantages. However, it turns out that low labor cost and hard work do make a difference.
For now, manufacturing activities, especially in the low end of the value chains, increasingly shift to the poor nations, while the developed nations focus more and more on a service and high-tech-oriented economy. This giant change, though only beginning, will impact the future world economy even more.
Second, all regional markets are connected to each other. Interdependence is opening up the old national boundaries dramatically. Most profoundly, the flows of capital, technology, goods, and people have reached a new level. Moving from survival of the fittest to rational collaboration and sharing, life on the earth will never be the same again.
Third, wealth making has gained a record-high status. Consequently, old ideology is lost to the new economic waves. This is a truly golden age for capitalists anywhere, who can reach all corners of the world for the first time in human history.
全球競爭
中國和世界新秩序:
是一個新的世界秩序的過程? 答案:是的。 到目前為止,只有約20%的世界人民獲得了牢固的發展、增長、和現代化。 其他地區現在已趕上以前所未有的速度。 這麽多晚突然增加的發展商建議的勇敢新世界中作出的。
幾個關鍵的修改
正在發生巨大的變化,在一個領域大大擴大為所有國家和人民。 我們可以確定四個特別是。
第一,財富使通過工業化和商業化已經成為一個具有普遍意義的東西。 長期以來,產品在聯合王國、美國和德國,主宰全球市場。 今天,中國製造的產品、墨西哥、越南、印度尼西亞、在其他發展中國家,正越來越多地水浸的世界,不斷變化的全球生產再次地圖。
這一變化背後地圖,有趣的是,許多窮國已迅速採取積極的作用對在全球經濟。 但他們最大的武器仍然是低成本勞動力,這提供了一個工作平台,以合作和分享富國和窮國之間。
今天,大多數發展中國家都極為有限的資源和力量。 因此,對他們來說,這一費用差距是一個生存差距。 事實上,其他較廉價勞工和勤奮工作,他們有幾個優勢。 然而,原來,勞動力成本低和艱苦的工作是有影響的。
現在,製造業活動,特別是在低端的價值鏈,日益轉移到窮國,而發達國家把重點更多和更多的服務和高科技為主的經濟。 這一巨大變化,盡管只是開始,將會影響未來世界經濟的更多。
第二,所有的區域市場是相互連接。 相互依存是開放的舊國家邊界急劇增加。 最深刻、流動方面的資本、技術、商品、和人民達到了新的水平。 從適者生存的合作和交流,合理,生活在地球也永遠不會是原來的樣子。
第三,財富作出了記錄很高的地位。 因此,舊思想是失去了對新經濟浪潮。 這真的是一個黃金年齡的任何地方資本家,誰能達到對世界所有角落首次在人類歷史。
5、面對全球化，掌握多種語言占優勢。。做出一個辯論，，（正方），拜託，急求！！！
既然是全球化，我們就不得不面臨人與人之間的交流，我們要面對各種形形色色的人，各種來自不同種族不同國家的人，我們要與他們更好的交流就一定要懂得他們的語言，語言是一種很好的交流工具；多一門語言就多一種交通的橋梁，也會使我們結識更多的人，交的更多的朋友；另外會多一門語言也會使我們擁有比別人更多的就業機會；會多一門語言會使我們工作起來更方便；會多一門語言也會使我們比別人更有自信，試想一下哪一個翻譯官站在那裡為別人做著流利的翻譯時，不是自信滿滿的？；掌握多種語言也是一種能力的象徵，是一個人所擁有的本事。
總結如下：1、交流工具，利於人與人的溝通、結識更多的人，交的更多的朋友
、擁有比別人更多的就業機會
4為工作帶來方便
5增強自信心
6是一種能力的象徵
6、英語是全球性的語言這一觀點該如何反駁
這個不是觀點，而是目前的現實跟事實。只有設想未來會變化啦，沒有其他的方法。
7、高分求一篇經濟全球化利與弊的英文作文。
下面是一篇經濟全球化利與弊的中英文對照的作文：
文化多樣性的減少
一、全球化會抹平社會間的多樣性，但會增加社會內部的多樣性。因為人們可供選擇的菜單增加了。想想哪個更重要。
二、多樣性是一個悖論。全球化確實會使某些局部上的多樣性減少。太多的知識會限制我們的創造力。某種程度的隔絕可以將自信和某種魔術感注入到藝術中。這種局部多樣性的減少又意味著人們可供選擇的菜單的減少。
三、這是一個「度」的問題。
First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community, but will increase the diversity within society. Because people increased choice of menu. Think about which is more important.
Second, diversity is a paradox. Globalization does make some partial rection of diversity. Too much knowledge will limit our creativity. Some
degree of isolation can inject a sense of confidence and a certain magic to the art. This diversity of local people to rece the mean rection in choice of menu.
Third, this is a "degree" of the problem.
傳統節日漸漸被西方節日佔領，傳統習俗的遺忘，傳統古建築在經濟的發展下不斷被拆除摧毀。
The traditional festival has graally been occupied by Western festivals, traditions and customs be forgotten, the traditional ancient buildings continue to be demolished to destroy in the development of the economy.
People in the world today are facing complicated society. Art and culture even be used to achieve the expansion. Hollywood, United States, for example, Hollywood annually proces about 700 films the Hollywood audience all over the world. In fact, the Hollywood movie has now become a tool of the United States to achieve the purposes of aggression and expansion.
文化既是民族的，又是世界的
各民族都有自己文化的個性和特徵。 各民族文化都是世界文化中不可缺少
Culture is national, but also the world's
All ethnic groups have their own culture and personality characteristics. The national culture is indispensable to world culture
Accounted for over 1/5 of the population lives in countries with the highest income levels, they have 86% of the global gross domestic proct (GDP), 82% of the global export market, 68% of the foreign direct investment, 74% of the total number of telephone; while the share of the world's populationonly about 1% of the share of 1/5 of the total number of poor in the above-mentioned items now. The difference between rich and poor countries in terms of average income, 74 times, in 1960, this gap is only 30 times. In addition, the 200 richest assets accounted for 41% of the world's total population, more than the total income.
200 millionaire property increased twice in the past four years, more than one trillion U.S. dollars, to the contrary, the daily income of less than $ poor remained at around 1.3 billion.
Globalization undoubtedly contributed to the overall growth of the world
economy, the global distribution of economic interests is disproportionate. A handful of national and multinational monopolies rules of the game and control the world market. Multinational corporations are an important driving force of economic globalization, the world's 100 largest economies, and yet there are 51 multinational companies. (2000 data) and the vast majority of multinational companies from developed countries. Seen by the state power embodied in national wealth gap is still huge. In economic output, few countries are expected to challenge the middle or even smaller instrialized countries. Even the third world to maintain the momentum of rapid development, the absolute gap can be so large that in the foreseeable future is unlikely to be eliminated.
At present, the persons concerned are to promote economic globalization on developed countries' damage theory. "However, the world economy and the greater impact of the international system is globalization has increased
inequality between countries. First, the past accumulated inequalities between countries not only failed to eliminate or mitigate a result of globalization, but growing.
Population of high-income countries account for only about 15% of the world's population, their home is the world's biological capacity by 28% but 55% of global consumption of biocapacity. This is how to achieve it?
However, political independence, economic independence they are still
nowhere in sight. International division of labor under globalization, third world countries are still at the bottom of the global instrial chain, excessive
consumption in developed countries to provide the resources and cheap labor.
An indigenous leader from the Philippines has sharply pointed out that "the so-called economic globalization, but the latest manifestation of colonialism." Colonial past is a direct plunder, colonists had to directly face the dissatisfaction of the colonists and resistance; the current economic
globalization is the scam together, the old masters and the elite conspiracy third World countries, third World countries continue to proce low-cost output, raw materials and labor (in processing, etc.), and in exchange, often and interests of the majority of unrelated or even negatively related to luxury goods and weapons and the like. "
In 1964, the world-renowned U.S. company Union Carbide in India opened a proction of pesticides farm .1975 years, finally built a large Pesticide Factory, 750 kilometers south away from the capital city of New Delhi.
In the 1984, this Pesticide Factory, liquid, highly toxic gas leakage from the tank, and lingering. The accident put 45 tons of highly toxic gas inside the tank to leak away. Only two days alone, more than 2,500 people were killed and another 60 million people affected by the poison damage of varying degrees. In 1994,The number of death has reached 6495 , there are 40,000 people dying.
Globalization the values conflict, main performance for different nationalities and countries, especially between the values of western values and non-western values of the conflict between.
And for non-western behind countries, western values and the conflict between the national values and is often and traditional values and the modem values is the process of modernization, the formation and development of the conflict between the values and intertwined, and often with the latter for intermediary.
Although "globalization" and "modernization" have different content, the former has some kind of space or geographic category of nature, it is to point to from regional to global;
While the latter has some time or historical category of nature, it is to point to from tradition to modern times, but since modern times of globalization and the whole world of modernization process is actually the same process.
It is in this process, the western capitalist countries to take the lead in realizing the
modernization of the endogenous type, according to the capitalist expansion immanent logic and with its start advantage, forced or sece non-western national identity western value, tries hard to western values, a generalized and globalization;
Some non-western countries the hand behind efforts to start or DuoCi start forced type, such as the modernization of the ZhuiGanXing exogenous type, and thus in different degree approbation west value, on the other hand, a generalized expansion in western values under the weight of national culture and appear constantly identity crisis and identity pursuit, and national cultural identity in the final analysis or for the ethnic traditional culture, especially to the core value of identity.
Therefore, in the globalization of the world modernization and basic collocated process, "" western" is no longer a geographical term but 'common code of', 'modern western' is' the symbol of modernization "universal. Through such conversion, identity 'western' into identity 'modern'."
J correspondingly, globalization china-africa western countries face behind the national values and the western the conflicts of values, often also direct the performance for the traditional values and the modem values of the conflict between.
As the expansion of the generalized to western values and fight against extreme form of response, fundamentalism was "the modern", lies in its saw and special emphasis on globalization in the modern values and the exterior-interior relationship between western values.
Also because of this, so native and outland, traditional and modern this two category and their mutual relationships become the contemporary culture study and cultural philosophy in the debate a focal point.
In the face of all these contemporary globalization in complex culture values conflict, cultural evolution in different cultural and understand that values will geographic category (native and outland) into historical category (the traditional and modern), and cultural relativism then requires the people will historical category (the traditional and modern) into geographic category (native and outlands).
Although cultural evolution and cultural relativism each has its drawbacks, of which, the former have obviously the theory of color, the latter has the cultural conservatism properties, but both see the modern globalization in different national values, especially the conflict between western values and non-western values is the conflict between the traditional values and the modem values and the conflict is profoundly intertwined with the facts, and to make a fact to own understanding and explanation.
增加是隨著經濟全球化的正常運作過程而產生的，它同時又是全球化發展不均衡的結果。 With the globalization of economy increase is the normal operation of the process and of generation, it is also the result of the unbalanced development of globalization.
全球化帶來的收益與支付的成本在不同的國家之間和一國之內不同人群之間的分配也是不均衡的。
The benefits of globalization and the cost of pay in different countries and different groups within one country between the distribution is not balanced between.
也就是說發達國家和發展中國家在全球化發展中參與游戲的角色是不同的，所獲得的利益是不
That is the developed countries and developing countries in global development in the game role is different, benefit from is not
均衡的，這樣的傾斜導致了發展中國家大量的非法移民流入發達國家
A balanced, so the tilt of the developing countries in a large number of illegal immigrants into
the developed countries